晾制环境温湿度差异对白肋烟香气物质含量和感官质量的影响

Effect of environmental humidity and temperature during air-curing on neutral aroma components and sensory quality of burley tobacco

为探索温度和湿度对白肋烟晾制品质和中性香气物质的影响,将云南宾川收获后的白肋烟分别在云南宾川和云南云龙两个生态环境中晾制。结果表明,两地相对湿度有显著差异,温度差异较小,整个白肋烟晾制期间,云龙空气相对湿度高出宾川4.42～16.54个百分点。宾川晾房烟叶晾制时间比云龙晾制的烟叶少9 d。在相对湿度较大的云龙晾制的烟叶表现为颜色较深,身份减轻,疏松度提高,油份增加,烟叶的中性香气成分总量及各类香气物质含量均显著增高,与宾川晾制的烟叶相比,云龙晾制的上部叶和中部叶中性香气物质总量分别提高31.26%和34.38%,类胡萝卜素降解产物含量分别提高27.55%和29.75%,叶绿素降解产物新植二烯分别提高31.13%和34.70%,茄酮分别提高36.27%和34.48%,调制后烟叶的叶绿素和类胡萝卜素残留量显著降低;感官评吸结果表明云龙晾制的烟叶香气量大,刺激性较小,整体质量较好。白肋烟晾制过程中相对湿度条件与白肋烟质量水平有密切关系,适当高湿环境有利于改善和提高白肋烟烟叶质量。

Effect of environmental humidity and temperature during air-curing on contents of neutral aroma components and leaf quality was investigated using burley tobaccos harvested in Binchuan and Yunlong, where climatic conditions are distinctively different. Results showed that difference in temperature between the two locations was not significant, while difference in humidity was significant. Humidity in Yunlong was higher than in Binchuan by 4.42-16.54 percentage point in the whole curing period. The time of curing leaf in Binchuan was 9 days shorter than in Yunlong. Leaf quality cured in Yunlong was better than that cured in Binchuan with deeper color, thinner and looser body and more oil. Total aroma components content of leaves cured in Yunlong were significantly higher than that cured in Binchuan. Total aroma compounds in upper leaves and middle leaves were increased by 31.26% and 34.38% respectively. Content of carotenoid catabolities was increased by 27.55% and 29.75% respectively. Leaves cured in Yunlong had significantly less contents of residual chlorophyll and carotenoids. Sensory evaluation indicated that Yunlong cured tobacco had higher aroma quantity and less irritation and better quality, indicating that humidity and leaf quality was correlated.