类型学视野下的汉泰语动量词语义系统对比

A Typological Comparison between the Semantic System of Action-Measure Words in Chinese and in Thai

泰语和汉语一样都是量词丰富的语言,关于汉语和泰语名量词的语义对比研究成果颇丰,但对于动量词的语义系统对比研究相对较少,本文从类型学视角运用语义学理论总结出动量词的语义参项,其中一级语义参项有通用属性、时间属性、人类动作属性;二级语义参项有长时属性、短时属性、行走位移动作、言说动作、手的动作、文体活动、饮食动作、农耕动作;三级语义参项有一般行走位移动作、环绕义。根据这些语义参项分别考察并描写了汉泰语动量词的语义系统,并在此基础上总结出两种语言动量词语义系统的异同,重点分析了有差异的语义参项。

Like Chinese, Thai is abundant in quantifiers. There are a great number of comparative studies on the semantic systems of Chinese and Thai noun quantifiers. However, there are fewer com- parative studies on the semantic systems of verbal classifiers. From a perspective of typology, this pa- per focuses on a study of the semantic systems between Chinese and Thai noun quantifiers. Similari- ties and differences of verbal quantifiers between the two languages are analyzed as well.