旅游干扰对太平湖国家湿地公园土壤酶活性及大型土壤动物分布的影响

Effects of Tourism Disturbances on Activities of Soil Enzymes and Soil Macrofauna in Taiping Lake National Wetland Park

为了研究旅游活动对太平湖国家湿地公园土壤生态系统的影响,2009年7月,采用野外采样调查与实验室分析相结合的方法,对不同旅游干扰强度下的湿地公园土壤过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶、脲酶和酸性磷酸酶活性及土壤大型动物分布进行了研究。结果表明,在4个样地采集的80个土壤样品中,获得大型土壤动物1439只,隶属3门9纲20目;大型土壤动物数量在一定范围内随旅游强度增加而减少,但存在边缘效应,且随着旅游强度的增加,边缘效应在远离游道的方向出现;复杂性指数能修正旅游干扰下小生境大型土壤动物的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数表征的不足,较好地反映旅游干扰下的大型土壤动物多样性;土壤蔗糖酶活性和脲酶活性与土壤有机质含量、其他酶的活性以及土壤动物复杂性指数显著相关,土壤酶活性随着旅游强度的增加而降低;旅游活动已经对该湿地公园土壤生态系统和游道景观等造成破坏;土壤蔗糖酶活性和脲酶活性可以作为该湿地公园土壤健康状况的指示指标。

In order to study the effects of tourism disturbances on soil ecosystem, the activities of soil enzymes and soil macrofauna under different tourism disturbances in Taiping Lake National Wetland Park were investigated based on field investigation and laboratory analysis. The results indicated that the soil ecosystem and the landscape of the wetland park were destroyed by tourism disturbances. The activities of soil enzymes would decrease according to the increase of tourism disturbances. There were 1 439 individuals of soil macrofauna belonged to 20 orders, 8 classes, and 3 phylums in 80 soil samples. It showed that they decreased according to the increase of tourism disturbances, while the certain edge effect appeared in the place far away from the road. The complexity index was applicable than the of Shannon-Wiener index on representing the complexity and the diversity of soil macrofauna communities under the influence of tourism disturbances. The activities of soil urease and invertase were highly related to the content of soil organic matter, activities of other soil enzymes and the complexity index about soil macrofauna. Therefore, the activities of urease and invertase were possible to predict the soil environment quality of the wetland park. Tourism activities in the core area and the application of non-ecological materials violated the principles and the goals in the construction of the national wetland parks.