《马氏文通》中“动字后的无介转词”

“‘Zhuanci’ after the Verb without Preposition” in Ma Shi Wen Tong

转词是《马氏文通》中的重要概念。文章梳理了《马氏文通》中提到的"动字后的无介转词",并进行分类,认为它们对应于现在所说的补语和宾语。马氏力图用介词来区分止词和转词,但"动字后的无介转词"的存在让他很为难,他不得不用"介词省略说"来解释,他对"动字后的无介转词"的分析也存在许多问题,这一定程度上影响了转词这一概念在马氏语法体系中的价值。然而马氏注意到的这种语法现象引起了后人的注意,产生了很大的影响。后来的语法研究批判并发展了马氏的观点,对"动字后的无介转词"作了更好的处理。

＂Zhuanci＂ is an important concept in Ma Shi Wen Tong. This paper gives a detailed analysis of the ＂ ＇zhuanci＇ after the verb without preposition＂. After the categorization of them, it is considered that they correspond to the modem grammar items of ＂object＂ and ＂complement＂. Ma Jianzhong tried to use preposition as a sign to distinguish ＂zhici＂ and ＂zhuanci＂, but this kind of＂zhuanci＂ made him puzzled. In order to explain this phenomenon, he had to propose the notion ＂preposition ellipsis＂. There must be some problems in his explanation which, to some extent, may influence the value of ＂zhuanci＂ in his grammar system. However, Ma Jianzhong was the first one to study this grammatical phenomenon, so his study greatly influenced the later generations. The later scholars developed his study and made a better analysis for this problem.