民主政治、司法监督与社会暴力:美国学生非暴力协调委员会研究

Headline Democracy,Judicial Supervision and Social Siolence: American Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee

学生非暴力协调委员会(SNCC)是一个以青年学生为核心的美国黑人民权组织。它最初坚持非暴力抵抗原则,但是几年后即对美国政治失去信心,提出了颇具革命色彩的"黑人权力"理论。联邦和各州政府担心其活动威胁国家安全,遂分别要求联邦调查局和各州警方予以秘密监控,并寻机从中破坏。一时之间,SNCC与联邦调查局、各州警方之间剑拔弩张,冲突不断。不过,美国日益完善的司法监督程序,促使双方都竭力将行动保持在法律允许范围之内,从而避免了大规模武装冲突的发生。

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee was an African-American civil rights organization, whose members were mostly college students. In the initial period, SNCC upheld the principle of non-violent resistance. But a few years later, it gradually lost belief in American politics and advanced a new revolutionary theory of ＂Black Power＂ The Federal and state governments viewed SNCC as a destroyer threatening the national security. So they respectively ordered Federal Bureau of Investigation （FBI） and the police agencies to monitor it. The relationships between them became more and more nervous and clashes continuously happened. However the judicial supervision which was increasingly perfecting prompted them to do their utmost to act in conformity with the laws. Thus large-scale violent conflicts were finally avoided.