英国文学公共领域的转型与“柏林布鲁克”文人圈

Bolingbroke Circle and the Transformation of British Literary Public Sphere

哈贝马斯在对英、法、德三国的"公共领域"历史演进进行梳理的过程中,创建性的提出了介于"代表型公共领域"与"资产阶级公共领域"之间过渡时期的"文学公共领域"概念。笔者基于对英国文学公共领域的国别考察,提出了英国文学公共领域的"历史性锚定、文化上独特与文学上互相建构"特点。其中具备了"公共性"的英国文学家与文学公共领域的互相建构关系对英国政治公共领域的形成发挥了决定性作用。18世纪初,在英国政治家柏林布鲁克的倡导下,以斯威夫特及盖伊等人为代表的"柏林布鲁克"文人圈通过他们的文学创作推动了英国文学公共领域向资产阶级政治公共领域的迅速转型。

Based on the study of the histories of ＂the public sphere＂ in Britain,France and Germany,Habermas constructively put forward ＂literary public sphere＂,a transitional period between the ＂representative sphere＂ and ＂bourgeois public sphere＂.This thesis aims to summarize the characteristics of British literary public sphere as ＂historically anchored,culturally phenomenal and literarily inter-constructed＂ based on the specific study to Britain itself,among which the inter-constructive relationship between English writers with ＂publicity＂ and the literary public sphere plays a vital role in pushing forward literary public sphere into a political one.In the beginning of the 18th century,encouraged by famous English politician Bolingbroke,a literary circle represented by Swift and Gay promoted English literary sphere to political one through their literary practice.