甘肃省鼠疫自然疫源地鼠疫疫情不同流行状态分析

Analysis of different endemic state of plague in the plague natural foci of Gansu Province

目的了解甘肃省鼠疫自然疫源地鼠疫疫情流行状态,提出改进措施,预防和控制人间疫情的发生。方法采用统计学方法对2001～2010年甘肃省鼠疫疫源地人间疫情和动物间疫情监测数据进行分析。结果 10年间人间疫情均发生在甘肃省祁连山—阿尔金山高山草原旱獭疫源地,均由主动接触旱獭等染疫动物引起,祁连山中西段—阿尔金山疫源地旱獭密度比较稳定,年际变化不大;在动物鼠疫已间歇多年的夏河、天祝,旱獭密度较高,而鼠疫动物病持续流行的肃南、肃北和阿克赛等地,旱獭密度却处于相对低的水平;10年间总体黄鼠密度明显呈逐年单边下降趋势,共分离鼠疫菌453株,其中动物检菌327株、媒介材料检菌123株、人分离鼠疫菌3株;IHA检测发现阳性数435份,阳性率3.08%;RIHA检验阳性数62份,阳性率4.71%。结论甘肃省鼠疫自然疫源地鼠疫疫情流行状态与鼠疫监测技术落后、疫源地时空变化特征、旱獭猎捕外运、人类活动等因素有关;疫情的有效控制需要改进鼠疫监测技术、加强鼠疫自然疫源地时空变化特征的研究、促进立法,加大旱獭猎捕外运打击力度、完善鼠疫健康教育核心内容,建立适合不同人群的经济、有效、可行的鼠疫健康教育模式,开展鼠疫自然疫源地内大型工程项目的鼠疫卫生学评价。

Objective To understand plague epidemic state in the plague natural foci of Gansu,to improve measures,prevent and control human plague.Methods The monitoring data for human and animal plague epidemic situation from 2001 to 2010 in the plague natural foci of Gansu were analyzed with statistical method.Results All of the human plague occurred in Qilian Mountains mountain-alpine steppe marmot foci,and resulted from actively contacting with infected animal such as marmot during the 10 years.The marmot density in Qilian Mountains mountain-alpine steppe marmot foci was relatively stable.In Xiahe and Tianzhu with animal plague for intermittent years,the density was high,while it was at a relatively low level in areas of Subei,Sunan and Aksay with continuous prevalence of plague animal disease.The rat density was significantly unilaterally downward year by year during the 10 years.Totally 453 strains of Y.pestis were isolated with 327 strains from animals,123 strains from arthropods and 3 strains from human.435 positive samples were detected by IHA with positive rate of 3.08%,and 62 positive samples were detected by RIHA with positive rate of 4.71%.Conclusions To improve plague surveillance techniques,strengthen the research of temporal and spatial variation characteristics,promote the legislation to fight against marmot sinotrans,perfect the core content of plague health education,establish economic,effective,feasible model of health education suitable for different populations,and carry out the plague hygiene evaluation of large-scale construction project in the plague natural foci are important for plague control and prevention in the natural foci in Gansu Province.