鸭绿江江水中肠杆菌科细菌分布及耐药性分析

Distribution and drug-resistance analysis of enterobacteriaceae in the Yalu River

目的了解鸭绿江江水中肠杆菌科细菌的种类及其对抗菌药物的耐药性。方法用采样器采集鸭绿江25个不同水域的江水，水样经增菌和细菌分离，采用全自动微生物分析仪进行细菌学鉴定及抗生素敏感性试验。结果从鸭绿江江水中共分离肠杆菌科细菌172株，其中大肠埃希菌40株（23．26％），肠杆菌属35株（20．35％），枸橼酸杆菌属29株（16．86％），克雷伯菌属26株（15．12％），变形杆菌属18株（10．47％），沙雷菌属12株（6．98％），泛菌属6株（3．49％），耶尔森菌属6株（3．49％）。药敏试验结果显示：对碳青霉烯类、头孢吡酮一邻巴坦、哌拉西林一他唑巴坦、阿米卡星耐药率为零。对三代、四代头孢菌素、氨曲南耐药率为3．85％～17．5％。对氨苄西林、头孢唑啉、头孢呋辛、阿莫西林一克拉维酸耐药率为22．50％一100％。在40株大肠埃希菌和26株肺炎克雷伯菌中分别检出产超广谱B一内酰胺酶（ESBLs）菌11株（27．5％）和2株（7．7％）。结论鸭绿江江水中肠杆菌科细菌种类繁多，且对多种抗菌药产生耐药性，开展江水细菌调查及耐药性监测，对防治江水细菌感染和控制耐药性菌株播散具有重要意义。

Objective To evaluate the enterobacteriaceae species in the Yalu River and their antimicrobial resistance. Methods Twenty-five samples from different area of the Yalu River were collected by sampler and detected using automatic microbial analyzer for bacteriological identification and antibiotic sensitivity test. Results A total of 172 strains of enterobacteriaceae were isolated from the Yalu River, including 40 strains of escherichia coli （23.26%）, 35 strains of enterobacter （20.35%）, 29 strains of citrobacter spp （ 16.86% ）, 26 strains of klebsiella genus （ 15.12% ）, 18 strains of proteus （ 10.47% ）, 12 strains of serratia（6.98% ）, 6 strains of pantoea （ 3.49% ） , and 6 strains of yersinia spp （ 3.49% ）. Susceptibility test results showed that the drug-resistant rates were zero to Carbapenems, Cefepime ketone / Otazobactam, Piperacillin / Tazobactam and Amikacin, whereas 3.85% - 17.50% to third or fourth generation of Cephalosporins and Aztreonam, and 22.50% - 100% to Ampicillin, Cefazolin, Cefuroxime and Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid, respectively. Among 40 strains of escheriehia eoli, there were 11 ones producing ESBLs, accounting for 27.5% ; among 26 strains klebsiella pneumoniae, there were 2 ones producing ESBLs, accounting for 7.7%. Conclusion Enterobacteriaceae is widely distributed in the Yalu River and is resistant to various antibiotics. It is important to investigate river bacteria and their drug-resistances for prevention and control of river bacterial infection and spread of drug-resistant strains.