电离辐射对放射工作人员细胞遗传学的影响

Effect of ionizing radiation on cytogene of radiation workers

目的通过对放射工作人员辐射剂量进行监测,探讨电离辐射对放射工作人员细胞遗传学的影响。方法采用流行病学中队列研究的方法,选取唐山市内1 392名放射工作人员作为观察组,选取无射线接触史且其他条件与观察组具有可比性的143名身体健康者为对照组。分别行一般情况调查、放射剂量测量、微核检测、染色体畸变检测。结果放射线接触组微核率和染色体畸变率均明显高于对照组。按不同工种分组,观察组微核率和染色体畸变率依照医学放射诊断组、工业探伤组、工业用放射源组、医学放免放疗组的次序呈现出一定程度的递增趋势。按不同工龄分析,<10、10～20和>20 a工龄组的放射工作人员细胞微核异常率分别为10.8%、16.2%、24.8%,对照组为2.1%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或0.01);染色体畸变异常率亦随放射工龄的增加而升高。差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。随着累积辐射剂量的增加,放射工作人员累积微核异常率、累积染色体畸变异常率也随之增加。结论电离辐射对放射工作人员健康状况产生一定程度的影响,淋巴细胞微核率和染色体畸变率将会有所增高。从事不同放射工种的放射工作人员受到的辐射损伤不同,放射工作人员受到的辐射损伤与接触射线年限有关,放射工龄越长,累积电离辐射剂量越高,细胞微核率和染色体畸变率越高,其对机体造血系统的损伤越严重,细胞微核率、染色体畸变率与累积辐射剂量均具有一定程度的关联。

[Objective]Through the radiation dose monitoring,to probe into the ionizing radiation effect on radiation workers＇ peripheral cytogene.[Methods]The epidemiological cohort study method was applied.A total of 1 392 radiation workers were selected as the observation group in Tangshan City,and another 143 physical healthy people without radiation exposure as the control group which had better comparability with the observation group.The general survey,radiation dose measurement,micronucleus and chromosome aberration test were performed on both 2 groups.[Results] The radiation workers＇ cell micronucleus rate and chromosome aberration rate were significantly higher than those of the control group.In observation group,according to the order of medical diagnostic radiology groups,industrial inspection group,radioactive logging group and medical RIA radiotherapy group,the cell micronucleus rate and chromosome aberration rate presented a certain extent of increasing trend.The micronucleus rate of radiation workers＇ service lengthen of 10 years,10-20 years,20 years was 10.8%,16.2% and 24.8%,that of control group was 2.1%,with significant differences（P0.05 or 0.01）.Chromosome aberration rate increased with the extending lengthen of service,with significant difference（P0.05）.With the increase of cumulative radiation dose,radiation workers＇ cumulative abnormal micronucleus rate,cumulative abnormal chromosome aberration rate also increased.[Conclusion]Ionizing radiation has influence on radiation workers＇ health,cell micronucleus rate and chromosome aberration rate increase obviously.The radiation workers engage in different types of job are damaged by radiation distinctly.The radiation injury of radiation workers is associated with the radiation exposure time.The longer the radiation service is,the higher the cumulative radiation dose they will have.The higher cell micronucleus rate and chromosome aberration rate is,the more serious damage on radiation workers＇ hematopoietic system will cause.Cell micronucleus rate,chromosome aberration rate and cumulative radiation dose has a certain degree of correlation with each other.