热力学变化过程方向的完整判据

Complete Criteria for Direction of Thermodynamic Process

目前物理化学教科书中的自发过程方向与限度判据,只能对常见自发过程作判断,不能对含有非体积功的各类过程做出判断。笔者从热力学第二定律的理论基础克劳修斯不等式入手,通过自发变化熵判据的演绎过程,找到了3个判据不完整性的原因所在,给出了完整方向性判据的解决方案。应用表明,完整的方向与限度判据可适用于各类热力学变化过程。

The criteria for direction and limitation of spontaneous process described in present physical chemistry textbooks can only be used for spontaneous process.They can not be used for non-pV work involving process.We have found the problem existing in the criteria from their deducing process and proposed new criteria for thermodynamic process.The application of the new criteria shows that it can be applied to all kinds of thermodynamic process.