上海市社区空巢老人生活质量的影响因素分析

Study on quality of life and its influencing factors among empty nest elderly in communities of Shanghai

目的了解上海市社区空巢老年人的生活质量及其影响因素,为政府有关部门完善相关政策提供依据。方法采用简明健康状况调查表、社会支持评定量表、老年抑郁量表和孤独量表对212名社区空巢老人进行现况调查,分析生活质量的影响因素以及生活质量与社会支持、抑郁、孤独的相关性。结果经逐步多元线性回归分析,影响社区空巢老人生活质量的主要因素有年龄、参加体育活动频率、慢性病数目、自我健康状况评价、1年内是否住院过,部分因子与有无配偶、有无子女、居住状况、脉压、腰臀比有关。Spearman秩相关性分析发现,社区空巢老人客观支持、主观支持、对社会支持利用度、社会支持总分与生活质量量表各维度均呈正相关;社区空巢老人其抑郁分值、孤独分值与生活质量量表各维度均呈负相关(P<0.01)。结论影响社区空巢老年人生活质量的因素众多,社会及家庭应予以关注,尤其是高龄、患慢性病、无配偶、无子女、经济收入差、缺乏社会支持的空巢老人,共同为老年人营造幸福安康的生活环境,以提高其生活质量。

Objective To investigate the quality of life（QL）and its influencing factors among empty nest elderly in community,and provide reference for related policy promotion.Methods A set of questionnaires,including general information questionnaire,36-item Short Form Health Survey,Social Support Rate Scale,Geriatric Depression Scale and Loneliness Scale were investigated in 212 empty nest elderly in communities.QL of them was evaluated and correlation with social support,depression and loneliness were analyzed.Results Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis results showed that QL of the empty nest elderly was mainly influenced by age,physical activity frequency,chronic diseases,self-assessment of health condition,hospitalization in a year.The other factors were marital status,children,living status,pulse pressure,waist-to-hip ratio.The QL of the elderly was positively correlated with social support,and negatively related to depression and loneliness（P0.01）.Conclusion Multiple factors may influence the quality of life among of the empty nest elderly.The society and family should pay more attention to their quality of life,especially for those with advanced age,chronic diseases,no spouse,no child,poor income and deficiency of social support and establish happy life environment for improving their quality of life.