北京市海淀区母婴健康素养现状的调查分析

Investigation on maternal and infant health literacy in Haidian District,Beijing

目的通过分析母婴健康知识的知晓现状,探讨提高我国妇幼健康素养水平的方向。方法采用整群抽样方法,确定9家助产机构的孕妇学校和基层社区的健康教育活动的课堂全部参与者,进行《母婴健康素养测评问卷》调查,共收集1797人母婴健康知识的知晓信息。结果关于母亲基本知识的正确率最高(62.2%),关于婴幼儿基本知识的正确率最低(39.0%);本市户籍(52.2%,χ2=116.534,P=0.000)、接受过高等教育(54.5%,χ2=241.832,P=0.000)、女性(51.4%,χ2=57.449,P=0.000)、30岁以上人群(52.7%,χ2=74.054,P=0.000)的知晓情况好于其他人群,其他看护人的基本知识知晓情况好于母亲们(54.1%,51.4%,χ2=76.501,P=0.000)。结论男性、外地户籍、未接受高等教育和育龄期的人群是母婴健康教育的重点人群,婴幼儿基本知识和基本技能是需要加强的宣教内容。

Objective To investigate the present situation about maternal and infant health knowledge in Haidian District,and explore the direction of maternal and child health literacy improvement.Methods Using cluster sampling method,1797 participants in 9 pregnant women schools and community center were enrolled and a 'maternal and infant health literacy assessment questionnaire' survey were carried out.Results The highest correct answer rate of basic knowledge about mother was 62.2%,the lowest correct answer rate of basic knowledge about infant was 39.0%.The awareness rates in local residents(52.2%,χ2=116.534,P=0.000),higher education(54.5%,χ2=241.832,P=0.000),women(51.4%,χ2=57.449,P=0.000),over 30 years of age(52.7%,χ2=74.054,P=0.000) were higher than other people.Awareness rate of basic knowledge in guardian was higher than pregnant women/mother(54.1%,51.4%,χ2=76.501,P=0.000).Conclusion Maternal and infant health education should be focus on male,non-local residents,lower education level,and reproductive age populations.The basic knowledge and skills of infants and young children needed to be strengthened in health education activities.