我国中西部4省(自治区)农村婴幼儿喂养情况及其影响因素研究

Analysis of feeding and its influence factors among rural infants in 4 provinces of Midwest China

目的了解我国中西部地区农村婴幼儿母乳喂养和辅食添加的现状及其影响因素,为今后有针对性地开展干预提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法,对我国中西部4省(自治区)农村地区1272名婴幼儿进行母乳喂养和辅食添加情况调查。应用SPSS 19.0软件进行分析。结果婴幼儿6个月龄内纯母乳喂养率为70.0%,33.0%的婴幼儿在6个月龄内添加了强化铁米粉。多因素分析,接受过母乳喂养宣传(OR=2.191,95%CI:1.695～2.833)、民族(OR=1.173,95%CI:1.080～1.275)和出生低体重(OR=0.579,95%CI:0.376～0.892)与6个月龄内是否纯母乳喂养有关联;民族(OR=1.141,95%CI:1.047～1.242)和婴幼儿贫血(OR=1.406,95%CI:1.054～1.877)与添加强化铁米粉有关联。结论我国中西部农村地区纯母乳喂养率有待提高,辅食添加不合理,应通过电视、广播、热线电话等方式宣传通俗易懂的科学喂养知识,提高母乳喂养率,促进合理喂养。

Objective To understand the feeding situation among the rural infants in 4 provinces of Midwest China,and explore the related influencing factors.Methods 1272 infants from Xinjiang,Shanxi,Gansu and Qinghai Province were selected by multi-staged stratified random sampling method and investigated about breastfeeding and complementary feeding.SPSS 19.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Results The rate of exclusive breastfeeding of infant less than 6 months was 70.0%.33.0% of infants were fed with iron fortified rice in the first 6 months.The analysis of logistic regression showed that accept of breast feeding propaganda（OR=2.191,95%CI：1.695-2.833）,nationality（OR=1.173,95%CI：1.080-1.275） and birth weight（OR=0.579,95%CI：0.376-0.892） were associated with exclusive breast feeding in 6 months.Nationality（OR=1.141,95%CI：1.047-1.242）,anemia（OR=1.406,95%CI： 1.054-1.877） were associated with iron fortified rice addition.Conclusion The rate of exclusive breastfeeding in rural areas of Midwest China was not high and complementary feeding was still unreasonable.Health education activities should be carried out through television,broadcasting,hotlines to spread breast feeding knowledge.