我国集体林权流转立法的模式变革与实现路径

On the Innovation and Its Path of the Legislative Mode of the Collective Forest Rights Transaction in China

集体林权流转是促进集体森林资源合理配置的重要途径,也是切实保护林农权益的客观要求。我国现行集体林权流转立法注重对林权流转行为的管理,忽视对林权流转行为的激励和促进,具有管理型立法的模式特征。这种立法对集体林权流转行为的管理过当,既在一定程度上阻碍了集体林权的顺畅流转,又易于导致法律权威性的丧失。顺应林业的产业特点与发展规律,我国集体林权流转立法需要选择促进型立法模式,合理划分政府的管理权限,强化政府的服务功能。为了实现这一目标,需要明确促进集体林权流转的立法目的,剔除现行立法中不合理的限制性规定,创设促进集体林权流转的激励性措施,增强促进集体林权流转的社会化服务,构建合理的生态利益供给与分享机制。

The collective forest rights transaction is an important way to promote the optimal alloca- tion of the forest resources and also the objective requirement of protecting the farmers＇ rights and in- terests practically. Our current collective forest rights transaction system, with the characteristics of Ad- ministrative Legislation （A. L. ）, strengthens the management of the collective forest rights transaction behavior, but neglects to incentive or promote the collective forest rights transaction behavior. The sys- tem of A. L. has many unreasonable restrictions on the collective forest rights transaction, hindering the smooth transaction of collective forest rights, and also causing the loss of the authority of law. On the basis of the characteristics and development rule of the forestry industry, our country＇s legislation of col- lective forest rights transaction should choose Promotive Legislation （P. L. ）,define the government ad- ministrative rights reasonably and strengthen the function of the government service. To achieve this goal,we should figure out the legislative purpose of promoting the transaction of collective forest rights, modify unreasonable restrictive provisions in existing legislation, establish the incentive measures to in- centive the transaction of collective forest rights,enhance the social service to protect the transaction of collective forest rights and build a reasonable mechanism of supplying and sharing ecological benefits.