中国善书在近世日本的流衍及其影响——以中江藤树的宗教观为中心

The Popularity and Influence of Chinese Morality Book in Modern Japan Focusing on Toju Nakae's Religious Outlook

中日文化交流史的探讨往往需要格外谨慎。文章主要考察三点:有"近江圣人"之美誉的日本江户早期的儒学家中江藤树对晚明思想家颜茂猷的劝善书《迪吉录》非常看重,并据此撰述了可能是日本的第一部善书《鉴草》,在江户思想史上留下了重要的足迹;藤树思想有明显的中国因素,他站在普遍主义的立场,认为中国的皇上帝、太乙神等观念可以"挪移"至日本而"为我所用",但其宗教信仰又有日本神道思想的色彩;在近世中日文化交涉史上,日本学者对作为"他者"的中国外来文化进行重读乃至重构是必然伴随的一个过程,其中自然会出现日本"本土化"现象,藤树对中国善书的汲取和借用便是一个很好的案例。

The discussion on the history of Sino-Japanese cultural exchanges is often required to be taken with special care. This paper mainly investigates three points： In early Edo, the Japanese Confucian Toju Nakae with the good reputation ＂Saint Toju＂ thought highly of late Ming thinker Yan Maoyou＇ s instructions on morality Dugit Transcription, and accordingly wrote the probable Japan＇s first morality book Authenticating Grass, leaving an important footprint in Edo intellectual history; It＇s obvious that Nakae＇s thought was greatly influenced by Chinese culture; considering Universalism as the standpoint, he believed that Chinese concept of sovereign-god and Taiyi can be ＂moved＂ to Japan and be given a Japanese culture. But his religious beliefs are based on Japan Shinto thought; In the history of modern Sino-Japanese cultural interaction, it is necessary process that Japanese scholars reread or even remodel the so-called ＂the other＂ Chinese culture, during which ＂localizing＂ is a natural process, and Nakae＇s trees intake and ＂borrowing＂ of Chinese morality book is a good example.