试论《说文解字》基本层次范畴义符认知特点

Cognitive Features of Basic-level Categories Morphemes on Shuowenjiezi

《说文解字》义符系统中的基本层次义符具有概念上的"系统性",构形上的"元素性",语义上的"联想性",是汉字认知的重要枢纽;基本层次义符以语义类属特征的身份出现在汉字结构中,形成"区别特征+类属特征"的表达方式;从认知角度看,是汉民族认知客观世界所形成的语义范畴显性标志,在构字过程中发挥重要的作用,理据义强,所提供的信息量大;从表达的有效性看,是汉人早期认知阶段所使用的为数有限的典型成员,与所属字形成了以其为中心的语义范畴,成为了构形字的类属标记。

The basic-level morphemes on Shuowenjiezi has the conceptive systematicness, the element of configuration, and the semantic association. It is the important hub on cognitive Chinese characters, forms the presentation on distinguishing characteristic and categorical feature, and exists in Chinese character struc-ture. It is also the dominant mark of semantic domain which from the process of the Han nationality cognize the objective world, and the vital function on Chinese characters structure, the Chintese generic tags.