美国失业问题浅析

Study on the US Unemployment

本轮金融危机以来,美国就业市场复苏缓慢。在本次经济衰退结束3年半后,失业率仍居高不下。格外值得关注的是,长期失业率之高史无前例,且在经历峰值后仍维持在历史高位。危机导致深度衰退是失业率居高不下的主要原因,而贝弗里奇曲线的右移表明结构性失业有所加重。长期失业问题久拖不决可能是劳动力市场结构性矛盾加剧的重要原因。充分就业是美国经济发展核心目标。在经济复苏尚未稳固,就业数据持续令人失望的情况下,美国将维持宽松的货币政策,推行积极财政政策,为就业市场复苏创造有利环境。

Recovery of the U.S. labor market was slow after the recent financial crisis. Three and half years after the conclusion of this recession, the unemployment remains high. In particular, the long-term unemployment rate was pushed up to an unprecedentedly high level, and remained elevated after reaching the peak. The deep recession caused by the financial crisis was the major reason behind such high unemployment. However, the Beveridge curve has shifted outward from the origin, indicating heightened structural problem in the labor market, which may be contributed by the duration and high reading of long-term unemployment. Full employment is one of the core targets for the U.S. With the recovery is yet to be established, and unemployment high, the U.S. will continue to implement loose monetary policy and active fiscal policy, to pave way for stronger recovery of the labor market.