人参中皂苷类化学成分的研究

Study on Ginsenosides in the Roots and Rhizomes of Panax ginseng

人参是常用传统中药之一,主要分为水参、生晒参和红参。本文概述它们所含人参皂苷成分的研究,分析其人参皂苷结构类型特点,为确定它们的药效物质基础提供科学依据。水参和生晒参的人参皂苷苷元具有结构类型单一的特点,包括原人参二醇、原人参三醇和齐墩果酸3种类型,而红参中的人参皂苷苷元具有结构类型多样性的特点,它们与其生物活性具有密切相关性。

Ginseng, the roots and rhizomes of Panax ginseng C. A. Mey. （Araliaceae） , is one of the most commonly used traditional Chinese medicines. Of the three main kinds of ginseng, fresh ginseng is crude ginseng harvested from the land of planting, white ginseng is sun-dried ginseng, and red ginseng is produced by steaming raw ginseng. In this article, the studies on ginsenosides in the fresh ginseng, sun-dried ginseng （Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma） and red ginseng（ Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma Rubra） were summarized, and the characteristics of chemical structure-types of the aglycone were investigated, to provide scientific foundation for their bioactive material base establishment. The chemical structure-types of the aglycones in the fresh and sun-dried ginsengs were oversimplified, which were divided into the three types of protopanaxadiol, protopanaxatriol and oleanolic acid. The chemical diversity of aglycone types in red ginseng were revealed, which might greatly contribute to the bioactive diversity of red ginseng.