中国蕨类植物孢子形态的研究Ⅻ.石松科

Spore Morphology of Pteridophytes from China Ⅻ.Lycopodiaceae

利用扫描电镜对中国产石松科6属9种1变型植物孢子形态进行了观察。结果表明:石松科植物孢子为四面体形,辐射对称;具三裂缝,裂缝为孢子半径的1/2～3/4或几达赤道线,有些种裂缝具唇状边缘;极面观一般为圆角三角形或近圆形,赤道面观为扇形或近椭圆形;极轴长为23～50μm,赤道轴长为24～54μm;由外壁形成孢子表面网状、棒状、脊状、拟网状、瘤状和颗粒状纹饰的轮廓;周壁薄,通常只有1层。从孢粉学特征看,石松属和扁枝石松属孢子形态有交叉,属间特征不明显;而小石松属、卡罗利拟小石松属、垂穗石松属和藤石松属的属间孢子形态特征明显。

The morphology of spores of 6 genera,9 species and 1 form of Lycopodiaceae from China was examined using scanning electron microscope（SEM）.The results show that the spores are radially symmetrical and tetrahedron,with a trilete,each of which has a length of about 1/2-3/4 or almost equal to radius of the spores.And some species of Lycopodiaceae have lip-shaped trilete.The spores are often rounded triangular or suborbicular in polar view,and fan-shaped or nearly elliptic in equatorial view.The length of polar axis is about 23-50 μm.The length of equatorial axis is about 24-54 μm.The spores exospore forms the ornamentation outline,including reticulate,baculate,lophate,ornate,tuberculate and granulate.The perispore of spore,usually a thin layer,deposits on the outside surface of the exospore.From spore morphology,the ornamentation types of Lycopodium and Diphasiastrum are interlaced.It is concluded that the boundary between the two genera is not obvious based on the features of spore morphology.But,the other four genera,Lycopodiella,Pseudolycopodiella,Palhinhaea and Lycopodiastrum have their own clear characters in spore morphology.