江门市儿童手足口病危险因素病例对照研究

Study on the risk factors of hand-foot-mouth disease among children in Jiangmen city

目的了解江门市手足口病(HFMD)发病的危险因素,为制定有效的防控措施提供科学依据。方法 2011年7-8月,选择常住江门且临床诊断为手足口病的非重症患儿62例和未患过手足口病的儿童126名,采用病例对照研究方法,利用自制问卷,调查分析手足口病的影响因素。结果单因素分析结果显示,大门口10m范围内可见垃圾、大门口视野可见苍蝇、卫生间使用情况、最近两周邻居/玩伴患病以及发病前两周医疗机构暴露情况可能是手足口病发病的危险因素;母亲文化程度可能是发病的保护性因素。多因素分析结果显示,手足口病发病影响因素为发病前两周医疗机构暴露(OR=24.982,P<0.05)、大门口10m范围内可见垃圾(OR=5.246,P=0.002)、大门口视野可见苍蝇(OR=1.565,P=0.004)和卫生间使用情况(OR=2.373,P=0.006)。结论在江门市预防HFMD重点应加强健康宣教以改善不良卫生环境,同时应采取隔离病例等有效措施减少交叉感染。

Objective To assess the risk factors of hand-foot-mouth disease （HFMD） among the children scatterly living in Jiangmen city. Methods A unified questionnaire was used to survey the innate immunity factors and acquired factors, including the rearing pattern and the living standard related to HFMD. Statistical analyses were conducted with SPSS 13.0. Results The results of univariate analysis showed that visible garbage nearing the gate within 10 meters, visible fly nearing the gate, toilet use, history of medical exposure and education level of mother were related to HFMD. The results of multivariate analyses showed that the history of medical exposure （OR=24.982,P〈0.05）, visible garbage nearing the gate within 10 meters （OR=5.246, P=0.002）,visible fly nearing the gate （OR=1.565,P=0.004） and toilet use （OR=2.373,P=0.006） were significantly related to HFMD. Conclusion Improvement of health habits and the isolation of the children with HFMD in the medical institution are beneficial to prevent HFMD in Jiangmen city.