昆明市育龄期妊娠妇女及非妊娠妇女牙周健康调查

The Investigation of the Periodontal Health Status of Pregnant and Non-pregnant Women of Childbearing Age in Kunming City

目的对昆明市育龄期妊娠妇女及非妊娠妇女进行小范围牙周状况调查,初步了解昆明市育龄期妇女牙周健康状况.方法采用随机抽样的方法对25～35岁育龄期213例妊娠妇女和255名非妊娠妇女开展牙周健康调查,评估其牙周状况.结果妊娠期妇女软垢检出率为91.0%,牙石检出率为83.5%,牙龈炎患病率高达98.0%,其中中重度牙龈炎占48%;群体软垢指数为1.44,群体牙石指数为1.34,群体牙龈指数为1.5,提示该区该群体牙龈炎为中度流行.对照组育龄期妇女软垢检出率为90.4%,牙石检出率为80.9%,牙龈炎患病率达42.0%,其中中重度牙龈炎占8.5%;群体软垢指数为1.41,牙石指数为1.21,群体牙龈指数为0.68,提示其群体牙龈炎为轻度流行.妊娠妇女与非妊娠妇女相比,牙石和软垢检出率无差别,但牙龈炎症发生率却明显高于对照组(P<0.05).结论昆明市育龄期妇女牙周健康状况不佳,妊娠妇女较非妊娠妇女更易出现牙周健康问题,需加强妊娠期妇女口腔卫生教育,改善孕产妇口腔健康状况.

Objectives To evaluate the periodontal health status of women of childbearing age in small area of Kunming city by investigating the periodontal diseases of pregnant women and non-pregnant. Methods 213 pregnant women and 255 non-pregnant women aged from 25 to 35 years old were randomly enrolled in a case-control study. Periodontal status was assessed through periodontal examinations. Results Of the pregnant women, 91.0% were detected with debris, 83.5% with calculus, the incidence of gingivitis was 98.0%, and 48% suffered from moderate or severe inflammation. DI-5 in this group scored 1.44, CI-S scored 1.34, while GI scored 1.5, suggesting gingivitis in pregnant women was prevailing moderately. Of the non-pregnant women, 90.4% were detected with debris, 80.9% with calculus, the incidence of gingivitis was 42.0% , and 8.5% suffered from moderate or severe inflammation. DI-S in this group scored 1.41, CI-S scored 1.21, while GI scored 0.68, suggesting gingivitis in non-pregnant women was prevailing mildly. No significant differences were observed in the incidence of calculus and debris, the incidence of gingivalis in pregnant women was significant higher than non-pregnant women （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusions The periodontal status of childbearing age women in Kunming city is not fair, and pregnant women are more vulnerable to periodontal disease. In order to improve maternal periodontal health of pregnant women in Yunnan Province, we need enhancing oral hygiene instruction.