从零售药店药品销售看农村地区居民的抗生素购买行为

Insights into residents′behavior of antibiotic purchasing from medicinal sales data of retail pharmacies in rural China

目的了解农村地区居民在零售药店购买药品特别是抗生素的情况和行为,为减少居民用药误区、提高用药素质提供支持和依据。方法从2011年9月1日至2012年5月31日,对江西省8家县、乡级零售药店36种复方感冒药、36种止咳药、18种抗生素和9种退烧药每天的销售数据进行分析,比较各类药品的销售量和销售比例,并通过广义估计方程(generalized estimating equations,GEE)的作业相关矩阵估计各类药品每日销量的相关性。结果 4类药品中抗生素单药品平均销量最高;抗生素、复方感冒药和止咳药3类药品销量有相似的变化趋势,复方感冒药与抗生素销量的相关系数为0.591 2,止咳药与复方感冒药、抗生素的相关系数分别为0.473 5和0.384 5;在促销期间,抗生素、复方感冒药和止咳药的销量皆有大幅度上升。结论农村地区居民存在不凭处方自行购买抗生素的情况,加强对零售药店违规销售抗生素的监管以及对居民合理使用抗生素的健康教育迫在眉睫。

Objective To analyze and compare the sales data of 4 categories of medicines in rural retail pharmacies in order to gain some insights into the residents＇ purchasing behavior of antibiotics as well as compound cold medicine,cough suppressants and antipyretics. Methods From September 1, 2011 to May 31,2012, the daily sales data of 36 compound cold medicines, 36 cough suppressants, 18 antibiotics and 9 antipyretics was collected from 8 rural retail pharmacies in Jiangxi Province of China. Then,the correlation coefficients among the 4 drug categories were evaluated by means of working- related matrix based on generalized estimating equations （GEE） method. Results Antibiotics shared a highest average sales volume of single medicine~ the correlation coefficients between antibiotics and compound cold medicine, cough suppressants and compound cold medicine, antibiotics and coughsuppressants were 0. 5912,0. 4735 and 0. 3845, respectively; the sales volume of antibiotics, compound cold medicine and cough suppressants increased significantly during the promotion period. Conclusions Non- prescription purchase of antibiotics in pharmacies is common among rural residents who bear some mispereeption to antibiotics use in counties and towns. It is necessary and imminent to strengthen the supervision on illegal antibiotic sales in pharmacies and health education of populace on proper antibiotic use.