国内外科技投入机制对比研究

Comparative Study of Domestic and Foreign Mechanisms of Investment in Science and Technology

21世纪科技发展日新月异,作为提高国家科技创新能力的一种有效投资,科技投入也日益受到世界上许多国家的重视。本文对美、日、德、韩等国家的科技投入现状进行了阐述,总结归纳出国外科技投入具有投资主体多元化、投资方向战略化、注重成果转化、有完善的立法保障以及政策支持等特点。随后,文章结合近十年来的相关数据,从概况、研发投入总量、人力投入、经费来源以及经费支出等角度对我国科技投入的现状进行了分析。通过与国外科技投入情况的对比发现,我国目前科技投入机制在战略、科技投入强度、科技投入渠道以及科技成果转化等方面仍需要进一步完善。最后,文章对我国科技投入机制的完善提出了合理建议,为我国科技工作的可持续发展提供有力支撑。

Science and technology develops rapidly since the 21st century. As an efficient investment to enhance the national scientific and technological innovation capacity, investment in science and technology is of the world＇s attention. This paper described the current situation of investment in science and technology in the United States, Japan, Germany, Korea and other countries, summarized that the foreign investment in science and technology has some useful experiences, such as the diversifica- tion of investment entities, the investment direction is strategy-oriented, the focus on technological transformation, as well as the legislation and policy support. Subsequently, this paper analyzed the domestic investment in science and technology from the R＆D investment, human resources, the funding sources, as well as the funding expenditures aspects using data over the past decade. By contrast with the situation of foreign and domestic investment in science and technology, we found that the strategy, investment in science and technology strength, scientific and technological input channels, as well as scientific and technological achievements transformation of China＇s current investment in science and technology mechanisms still need to further improve. In the end, this paper puts forward practical mechanism of investment in science and technology to provide strong support for the sustainable development of technological work.