激光雷达技术估测森林生物量的研究现状及展望

Status and prospects of the LiDAR-based forest biomass estimation

随着全球气候变化的日益加剧,森林生物量动态监测及碳储量定量估算日显重要。激光雷达技术可以准确地获取森林的三维结构信息,与蓄积量和生物量等植被生物物理参数有很高的相关性,对于区域生物量连续变化制图和碳储量估算有很好的应用前景。笔者介绍了激光雷达系统的组成和原理,以及不同形式的激光雷达数据生物量提取方法及估算模型,重点分析了单木和林分两个级别的机载小光斑激光雷达系统的森林生物量获取方法。最后,针对当前激光雷达系统获取森林生物量信息的局限性,分析了未来多源遥感数据集成及激光雷达硬件革新技术的发展趋势。

Biomass dynamic monitoring and carbon storage quantitative estimation have become more and more important with the global climate change exacerbating.LiDAR（light detection and ranging） can be used as a tool to accurately acquire the three dimensional information of the forests,and usually has a high correlation with the biophysical parameters such as volume and biomass.It shows a great application potential of regional biomass continuous mapping and carbon storage estimation.In this paper,the composition and principle of a typical LiDAR system are introduced,and the various methods of biomass extraction and model fitting from different LiDAR data types are described,especially airborne LiDAR-based biomass estimations for the single tree and stand level.Finally,the limitation of biomass information extraction was discussed,and the future prospects of LiDAR development,such as the integration of data from various remote sensors and the most recent LiDAR hardware innovations,were presented.