乙醇、甲苯、苯对骨髓造血的联合毒作用

COMBINED EFFECTS OF ETHANOL, TOLUENE, BENZENE ON HEMATOPOIESIS OF BONE MARROW IN BALB/C MICE

目的探讨乙醇、甲苯、苯对骨髓造血干细胞和造血微环境的联合毒作用。方法乙醇、甲苯、苯对雌性ＢＡＬＢ／Ｃ小鼠染毒２７周，应用脾集落技术测定其多向造血干细胞和应用整体灌注固定原位电镜观察其骨髓造血微环境。结果 在染毒２～ ４个月时４０ｍｇ／ｍ~３苯合并自由饮用 １０％乙醇组较单纯同等剂量苯染毒对骨髓多向造血干细胞形成有促进作用，且 ＦＣＭ测定示其骨髓细胞合成期比例显著增加，并出现异倍体峰，提示乙醇增强了苯的诱癌作用；且对造血微环境的损伤作用明显增强，如晚幼粒细胞内含有髓样小体，并出现形态各异的特殊颗粒，针状包涵体，血窦窦壁不完整。结论高剂量苯暴露减低骨髓造血干细胞形成和损伤造血微环境。乙醇加强苯的毒性，而甲苯具一定保护作用。

To explore the combined effects of ethanol, toluene, benzene on hemotopoietic stem cell and microenvironment of bone marrow in BALB/C mice. Methods Inhalation of 40mg/m^3 benzene alone and combined with 180mg/m^3 toluene or drinking water of 10% ethanol were exposed to female BALB/C(25/group) for 6 months. Results The number of hematopoietic stem cell(CFU-s) of bone marrow by the spleen colony assay in mice of group 40mg/m^3 with drinking 10% ethanol was significantly more than that in group 40mg/m^3 benzene alone during the 2- 4 months. And the proportion of S cell period of bone marrow cells by FCM was markedly increased with occurrence of peak of heteroploid. This suggest that ethanol may enhance the carcinogenicity of benzene. The observation of hematopoietic cells and microenvironment by transmitted electron microscopy showed that the walls of sinus was broken because of degeneration or necrosis of the epithelial, reticular cells and there appear Auer body and needle container in the granulocytes. The formation of CFU-s was inhibited and the microenvironmnet was damaged in the mice of group 400mg/m^3. Conclusion Ethanol may enhance the toxicity of benzene, and toluene inhibit the adverse effects of benzene.