不同森林生态系统的健康状况评价及分析

Healthy evaluation and analysis of different forest ecosystem

为探索定量化研究森林生态系统健康状况的方法,以生态系统的组织、活力和弹性为基础,从森林生产力要素、森林生态要素、环境要素与胁迫要素4个方面建立指标体系,采用主成分分析与聚类分析相结合的方法,对承德县13种不同的森林生态系统进行综合评价,用综合健康指数反映其健康状况。结果表明:人为干扰严重的人工林健康状况明显低于天然林;处于演替初期阶段的幼龄林的健康状况低于处于演替中后期阶段的近熟、成熟林;物种多样性、干扰强度、环境背景等指标对森林生态系统的健康影响较大。

To find the method of researching forest ecosystem health quantitatively, an index system of forest ecosystem was constructed in the aspects of forest productivity, forest ecol- ogy, environment and stress based on the organization, activity and elasticity of ecosystem, by comprehensively evaluating 13 different forest ecosystems in Chengde County through principal component analysis combined with cluster analysis, which means a comprehensively healthy index used to reflect the health status. The result showed that the health status of forest plantation seriously interfered by human was significantly worse than that of nature forest and that of younger-growth forest in the early stage of succession was significant worse than that of nearly-matured forest and matured forest in the middle and later stage of succession. Moreover, species diversity, interfere intensity and environment had a greater influence on the health of forest ecosystem.