马克思的人学对费尔巴哈人本主义哲学的继承与超越

Inheritance and Transcendence of Feuerbach's Humanism Philosophy by Marx's Theory of Human

费尔巴哈标榜自己的哲学是人本主义,他反对神学,认为神只不过是人对自己无限本质的反映。他要树立人的地位的第一性,主张哲学从现实的人出发。马克思在费尔巴哈人学的基础上创造了自己的人学思想,他主张用人的活动性来解释人,认为人是人实践活动的产物,是社会关系的总和。和费尔巴哈基于人学和神学的对立从而论述了宗教异化的思路不同,马克思基于人与人的劳动的统一和对立论证了人和其劳动产品的异化,并在共产主义理想中展望了人的自由和全面的发展,对费尔巴哈人本主义思想进行了全面超越。

Feuerbach claimed his own philosophy to be humanism and opposed theology, insisting that deity is nothing but human ＇ s reflection on their own nature of infinity. He attempted to establish the primacy of human status, and proposed that philosophy developed from people in reality. Based on Feuerbach＇ s humanism philosophy, Marx created his own theory of human and advocated interpreting human with human＇ s activity, hdding the view that hu- man are the products of human＇ s practical activity, and the summation of social relations. Different from Feuerbach＇ s discussing religious alienation based on his own opposition to theory of human and deity, Marx, based on the unity and opposites between human and human＇ s labor, demonstrated the alienation of human and their products, and in the ideal of communism prospected human freedom and the development in all aspects, which totally surpassed Feuer- bach＇ s humanism philosophy.