法院改变起诉罪名制度的比较法分析

A Comparative Analysis of the system of Changing Committal Charge by Court

检察机关的起诉罪名与法院认定的罪名不一致是司法实践中经常遇到的问题。现行的司法解释赋予了法院直接改变起诉罪名的权力,同时为了保障被告人的辩护权不被侵犯,免受"突袭式审判"之干扰,解释同时又从程序的角度对法官改变起诉罪名的权力进行了限制,平衡了打击犯罪与保护人权的关系。但从保护人权需要的角度来解读这个司法解释,则它还有一定的待完善空间。从比较法的角度对其他国家和地区的相关立法进行价值考量和借鉴,可以为我们的立法完善带来一些启示和借鉴。

It is common that the committal charge brought by a procuratorial organ differs from the one held by a court.The judicature interpretation gives courts the authority to change charges directly.Meanwhile,in order to protect the accused people's right to defence from being infringed and avoid to be disturbed by surprise adjudgments,the interpretation restricts judges' authority of changing charges from the perspective of procedure so that it balances the relations between attacking crimes and protecting human rights.However,if the judicature interpretation is to be analyzed according to the need of protecting human rights,it has much room for its improvement.We can gain some enlightment and references for legislation if we evaluate and draw lessons from the legislation of other countries and areas from the perspective of comparative method.