“悬疑推定”论——以我国民商法典型语境为中心的实证分析

On“Suspense Presumption”——An Empirical Analysis with Typical Contexts of the Chinese Civil and Commercial law as the Center

基于典型语境作"非预设性"实证考察,应是我国"推定"研究的基础性课题。分析可见,现行法语境下,"推定"必属"推论",依形式结构可分为"分明推定"与"悬疑推定"。当前关于"悬疑推定"的主流解释,使法律理性陷入了严重困境。随着其表层、中层、深层结构的逐层揭示,"悬疑推定"在法律思维、实体、程序三方面的意涵终得显露。过错推定、无罪推定等所谓"直接推定",实属"悬疑推定"。

A “non-presupposition”and empirical study of typical contexts, should be a basic task of our re- search on “presumption”. In Chinese current legal system, “presumption” nmst be “inference”, and can be divid- ed into clear presumption and suspense presumption according to the stnlcture type. The current dominant theory of suspense presumption, makes the rationality of law in serious trouble. With its surface, middle, deep structure un- covered layer by layer, the suspense presumption＇ s meanings and functions in legal thinking, substantive and proce- dural aspect are revealed. All the so-called “direct presumptions”, such as presumption of fault and presumption of innocence, are also suspense presumption.