美国高校教育技术学专业课程设置研究

Educational Technology Programs in American Universities

课程作为一种烙有文化印记的社会实践活动,一方面折射出社会对人才的需求和定位,另一方面承载着学科和领域的逻辑知识体系。美国教育技术学专业的课程和人才培养质量得到了普遍认可,那么其课程设置、人才培养乃至学科和领域的研究与实践到底有何特点?针对这一问题,本研究选取了被公认为教育技术学专业发展较好的美国九所院校,采用案例研究法从培养目标、课程内容、课程实施和评价等方面分析了九所院校的课程设置情况,并结合访谈法和内容分析法等发现:1)在教育技术及其学科的研究与实践上,教育技术与学习结合得更加紧密,但偏向于"媒体"的教育技术认识对美国依然有重要的影响。2)在人才培养和课程设置上,"学校教育技术"与"企业绩效技术"是美国教育技术学专业两个非常明晰的方向,绩效技术几乎成了美国教育技术学专业的一个重要研究方向;教育技术学专业培养各类学校图书馆员;针对学生不同的学习兴趣和学习起点,提供有针对性的课程设置;特别重视对博士生的全方位训练;以面授和在线两种方式提供硕、博士课程甚至学位;同一博士学位下按照研究取向不同提供两种博士研究。

As a social practice activity branded with the mark of culture, curriculum reflects the demand and positioning of the society for talents on one hand, and carries the logical knowledge system of a discipline and field on the other hand. The quality of curriculum and talents cultivation of educational technology program （ET） in the U. S. has been generally recognized in the world. Therefore, it is important to analyze their curriculum traits, talents cultivation and even the research and practice of ET field in the U. S. This paper selected nine top-ranked U. S. ET programs to analyze their curriculum, such as program objectives, course contents, implementation and evaluation. Case study, interview and content analysis method were applied in this study. The findings include that： （ 1 ） in the research and practice of ET, ET has a closer relationship with learning, and the view that ＇ET is media technology＇ still has strong influence in the U. S. ; （2） in the curriculum and talents cultivation of ET programs , ＇ET in schools＇ and ＇human performance technology（HPT） in enterprises＇ are two clear orientations. The HPT has almost become a major research concentration in the U. S. universities. ET programs are designed to produce competent school librarians. The curriculum is in line with the learning interest and entry levels of students. Diverse learning opportunities are offered to doctoral students to enhance their problem-solving and research competencies. Courses and degrees are offered both on campus and online. Both ＇academic＇ and ＇professional＇ research paths are provided under the same doctoral degree.