采砂迹地型湿地恢复过程中优势种群生态位研究

Niche of dominant species in the process of sand-mining wetland restoration

用定量分析法对采砂迹地型湿地恢复过程中植被优势种群生态位进行了研究,测定了北京西卓家营采砂迹地型湿地植被21个优势种群的生态位宽度和生态位重叠。结果表明野艾蒿、旋覆花、朝天委陵菜、茵陈蒿、鬼针草等中生群系物种占据较宽的生态位,分布范围较广。芦苇、针蔺等湿地植物的生态位宽度略小,而香蒲、小香蒲、茭白、千屈菜等湿生植物占据较窄的生态位。在优势种构成的136个种对中,有78个种对有生态位重叠数值,占整个种对的57.4%,说明优势种群间生态位重叠现象较为普遍,也就是说有一半以上的植物种群在利用资源上有相似性。总体上,生态位较宽的种群间生态位重叠较大,有较多相似生态特性的种群间生态位重叠也较大。其研究结果,将为采砂迹地型湿地恢复提供理论支持。

The quantitative analysis on dominant species in the process of sand-mining wetland restoration was studied.A total of 21 dominant species of niche breadth and niche overlap were measured in the Xizhuojiaying area.The results showed that mesophyte Artemisia lavandulifolia,Inula japonica,Potentilla supina,Artemisia scoparia,Bidens pilosa occupied a wide niche width,and distributed relatively widely.Phragmites australis and Eleocharis congesta wetland plants niche width was slightly smaller;wetland plants Typha orientalis,Typha minima,Zizania aquatic,Lythrum salicaria occupied narrow niches.The niches overlap index indicated there were 78 species counterparts having niche overlaps,accounting for 57.4% of the total 136,which indicated that niche overlap was prevalent among dominant species.In other words,half of plant populations had similarities in the use of resources.In general,niche overlap was larger with the wider population niche,and niche overlap was larger with more similar ecological characteristics as well.The results of this study will provide a scientific support for sand-mining wetland restoration.