库都尔兴安落叶松种群格局及其物种多样性研究

DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS AND DIVERSITY OF SPECIES OF Larix gmeliniiIN KUDUER

本文主要对大兴安岭中部库都尔小九亚林场兴安落叶松种群的分布格局及其物种多样性进行了研究。结果表明:(1)库都尔兴安落叶松群落的树种组成简单,群落Ⅰ为兴安落叶松纯林,群落Ⅱ和群落Ⅲ均有白桦和兴安落叶松两种乔木树种。群落Ⅱ的林分密度最大,为1 530株/hm2。群落Ⅲ的林分密度最小,为670株/hm2。(2)兴安落叶松群落Ⅰ的种群分布格局为均匀分布,群落Ⅱ和群落Ⅲ为聚集分布。(3)兴安落叶松群落物种数分布范围为15种-18种。兴安落叶松群落的丰富度指数(S)的大小顺序为群落Ⅲ>群落Ⅱ>群落1。Simpson指数(D)显示群落Ⅱ>群落Ⅲ>群落1,而Shannon-Wiener指数(H')则表现为群落Ⅲ>群落Ⅰ>群落Ⅱ。均匀度指数表现为群落Ⅱ>群落Ⅲ>群落Ⅰ。由群落的垂直结构可知,物种丰富度和多样性指数为草本层>灌木层>乔木层,群落Ⅰ和群落Ⅲ的三个均匀度指数表现为灌木层>草本层>乔木层。

We have conducted a research on the distribution patterns and species diversity of Larix gmelinii community in KuDuEr XiaoJiuYa Forest Farm in Center of Daxinganling.The results showed that：（1） The species composition of Larix gmelinii community is simple,There is only Larix gmelinii in communityⅠ.There are Betula platyphylla and Larix gmelinii in communityⅡand communityⅢ.Stand density is greatest with 1530 strain per hectare in communityⅡ,while it is minimum with 670 strain per hectare in communityⅢ.（2）Distribution patterns of Larix gmelinii communityⅠis uniform distribution,communityⅡand communityⅢ are belong to the aggregate distribution.（3） The species numbers in Larix gmelinii communities are ranged from 15 to 18.Richness index of Larix gmelinii communities is showed that communityⅢcommunityⅡcommunityⅠ.Simpson index is showed that communityⅡcommunityⅢcommunityⅠ.Shannon-Wiener index is showed that communityⅢcommunityⅠcommunityⅡ.According to the vertical structure of three Larix gmelinii communities,we can conclude that species richness and diversity index have an order with herb layer shrub layertree layer.Evenness index of communityⅢ and communityⅠare showed that shrub layer herb layertree layer.