汉英对比语言学研究的本体途径

An Ontological Approach to Chinese-English Contrastive Linguistics

尽管现代语言学研究多姿多彩,但以思维方式为基点的本体研究并不多见。本文正是从悟性思维与理性思维的不同特性出发对比研究汉语和英语中具有类型学意义的结构形式,即话题优先与主语优先句式、"意念被动"与被动语态、语气词副词与虚拟语气等。例证的分析和论证为这两种语言结构的根本差异提供本体解释并支持如下论点:思维方式与语言结构形式构成对立统一关系。

Despite the plethora of literature on linguistics, few ontological studies have been undertaken of linguistic structures from a thinking mode approach. This paper discusses the differences between major Chinese and English linguistic structures of typological importance, tracing their sources to Western rationality and Chinese intuition respectively. The paper presents an analysis of the characteristics of the two modes of thought and contrasts their reflections in the two languages, i.e. topic prominence vs subject prominence,＂notional passive＂vs passive voice, modal adverbs vs subjunctive mood, etc. The paper concludes that thought and language constitute a unity of opposites.