论商品二因素的两种内涵

On the Two Connotations of the Two Elements of Commodities

商品二因素——价值与使用价值是经济学的重要原理和基本范畴，但在现实经济生活中，却与商品从产地运到销地，使用价值量只会减少，不会增加，而价值量却会增加的客观事实相矛盾。为此，必须引入“效用”范畴，考察另外一个商品二因素——价值与效用，这不仅对理论建设很重要，而且可以促使商品生产者重视市场信息，了解供需情况 ，生产适销对路商品，以满足社会需要。力求在维护消费者效用最大化的基础上，实现生产者的利润最大化。

As two elements of commodities- value and use value are an important Principle and basic category of economics- which contradicts the fact that in real economic activity the use value of commodities always decreases but value increases when commodities are transported from the place of production to the place of sales． Therefore it is necessary that the“utility”category be introduced and another two elements of commodities－value and utility be examined which is not only very important to theoretic construction but also very conducive to prompting producers to produce marketable commodities to satisfy social demand．