喀斯特山区耕地压力与粮食安全的分析——以贵州省为例

Analysis on the Cultivated Land Pressure and Food Security in Karst Mountain Areas:A Case of Guizhou Province

运用最小人均耕地面积和耕地压力指数概念与模型分析了贵州省近30年的人口、耕地、粮食产量状况,分析它们与贵州省石漠化生态环境问题之间的关系.结果显示:1980-2010年,贵州省人口数量增长快,耕地面积减少多,耕地压力指数(K)大,人均粮食产量和粮食单产值均低,耕地压力巨大,粮食安全问题突出;人口数量增长迅速与严重石漠化生态环境问题是其耕地质量差、人均耕地不足、粮食产量低的重要影响因素.因此,控制人口数量与提高人口素质,加强对石漠化生态问题的治理,增强对土地资源调控,促使人口、耕地与生态环境的协调发展,才是解决贵州喀斯特山区耕地压力与粮食安全问题的可持续发展道路.

With the conception and model of minimum area of per capita and index of cultivated land pressure, this paper has analyzed population,cultivated land and grain output in recent 30 years in Guizhou Province, and the relation of between them and the karst stony desertification eco - environmental problems. The results show that the population increases quickly, the area of cultivated land decreases rapidly, the index of cultivated land pressure becomes large, the per capita grain yield and grain values per hectare are both low, the cultivated land pressure is huge and the grain security is becoming outstanding from 1980 to 2010. The population quanti- ty increasing quickly and the serious stony desertification eco - environmental problems are the important factors of the poor cultivated land quality, insufficient of cultivated land area per ca- pita and low grain yield per hectare. Therefore, the author puts forward to the suggestions, such as controlling the population quantity, improving the population quality, strengthening the rocky desertification eco - environmental problems harness, enhancing the regulation of land resources, making coordinated development of the population, the cultivated and the eco - environment are sustainable development ways to solve the problem of cultivated land pressures and grain security in Guizhou Province.