南昌市园林绿地外来入侵植物调查及防除与利用对策

Investigation of alien invasive plants in green space of Nanchang and their control and utilization strategies

【目的】调查分析南昌市园林绿地外来入侵植物现状,提出防除与利用对策,为南昌市园林绿地外来入侵植物的监测、治理及保护生物多样性提供参考。【方法】采用普查与定点调查、资料查询相结合的方法,对南昌市园林绿地外来入侵植物种类、入侵程度和利用状况进行调查。【结果】南昌市园林绿地有外来入侵植物49种,隶属于18个科,其中以菊科植物为主,占40.82%;从生物特性上看,一、二年生植物最多,占65.31%;从利用情况看,大部分为绿地杂草,共36种,占73.47%,作为园林植物利用的有13种,占26.53%;从入侵阶段看,近一半种处于建群阶段,占44.90%;从繁殖情况看,有20.41%的种不仅有较强的种子繁殖能力,而且克隆繁殖能力也较强。【建议】保护本土植被,降低外来植物入侵的风险;谨慎引种,从源头预防外来植物入侵;加强对入侵性园林植物的养护与管理,防止外来园林植物逃逸生长和外来入侵杂草扩散蔓延;采取综合防治措施防除外来入侵杂草。

[Objective]In response to the current status of alien invasive plants in green space of Nanchang, the control and utilization strategies were proposed so as to provide relevant information for monitoring, management and biodiversity protection. [Method]Using census, documentary inquiry and field investigation, the species, utilization situation and inva- sion extent of alien invasive plants were surveyed. [Resuh]A total of 49 alien invasive plant species belonging to 18 fhmilies were discovered, in which the dominant family was Compositae （accounting for 40.82%）. As to biological characteristics, the most abundant species were annual and biennial weeds （65.31%）. Regarding utilization status, the majority was 36 kinds of greenbelt weeds （73.47%） and 13 species of garden plants were found （26.53%）. Almost a half of the total plants were under colonization （44.90%）. From propagation status, 20.41% of the species had strong seed propagation ability and cloning capability. [Conclusion]To better maintain and manage garden plant, more attention should be paid to native plant protection, exotic plant introduction and landscape management.