广西畜禽粪便产生量估算及对环境影响评价

Estimation of quantity of livestock and poultry manure and environment impact assessment in Guangxi

【目的】通过对广西主要畜禽粪便产生量及其污染物含量进行估算,了解畜禽粪便污染现状,为广西畜禽养殖业污染治理提供参考。【方法】收集2010年广西畜禽养殖量数据,利用各类畜禽粪便排泄系数,估算广西主要畜禽粪便及其污染物产生量,在此基础上计算畜禽粪便耕地负荷量和畜禽粪便污染物流失量,评估广西畜禽养殖污染对环境造成的生态压力。【结果】2010年广西畜禽粪便产生量及其养分量分别为:畜禽粪便9141.30万t、总氮(TN)42.07万t、总磷(TP)13.62万t,畜禽粪便及其中的N、P纯养分耕地年负荷值分别为21t/ha、98kg/ha、32kg/ha;畜禽粪便污染物BOD5、CODCr和NH3-N产生量分别为:383.43、435.42和42.08万t,按30%流失率计,CODCr和NH3-N流失量均超出工业及生活废水排放量之和。【结论】广西畜禽养殖业对土壤环境影响较小,但对水体环境已构成严重威胁。

[Objective ]The purpose of this paper was to clarify the pollution status and provide references for pollution treatment of animal husbandry industry by estimating the quantity of main animal manure and the pollutant contents in Guangxi. [Method]Based on the related statistic data in 2010 and the excreta coefficient of different animals,the feces and its pollutant production amount of main livestock and poultry in Guangxi were evaluated. Then the yearly farmland loading of the excrements and the loss of pollutants were also calculated to analyze the environmental pressure from the livestock and poultry breeding in Guangxi. [Result]In 2010,the production amount of the livestock and poultry feces in Guangxi was 9141.30×10^4 tons, including nutrient TN 42.07×10^4 tons and TP 13.62×10^4 tons. The yearly farmland loading of animal feces and its N,P pure nutrient were 21 t/ha,N 98 kg/ha and P 32 kg/ha. The production amount of pollutants was BOD5 383.43x 104 tons,CODcr 435.42~104 tons,and NH3-N 42.08×10^4 tons. According to 30% loss rate,the loss amounts of CODcr and NH^-N were higher than the total amounts of industrial and life waste water. [Condusion]Guangxi animal husbandry industry had little influence on soil environment,but it exhibited a severe threat to water environment.