公众应对突发自然灾害健康教育效果评价

An Assessment of Health Educational Effects of Public Responses to Emergent Natural Disasters in Zhejiang Province

目的了解浙江省公众应对突发自然灾害健康教育灾后基本知识与技能改变情况及其影响因素。方法在浙江省抽取4个代表性县(市、区),对抽中的县(市、区)15～69岁的城乡居民开展健康教育干预,并采用多阶段整群随机抽样的方法,开展问卷调查并进行干预效果评价及影响因素分析。结果干预后,公众应对突发自然灾害灾后基本知识与技能有明显提高(P<0.05);文化程度低(OR=1.37,P<0.01)、未婚(OR=1.60,P<0.01)、农村(OR=1.32,P<0.05)、自然灾害与自己无关系(OR=1.75,P<0.01)、不关注本地自然灾害信息(OR=1.41,P<0.01)、认为没有必要了解救灾防病知识(OR=1.37,P<0.01)、不主动学习急救知识与技能(OR=1.76,P<0.01)是阻碍公众掌握突发自然灾害灾后基本知识与技能的因素。结论对公众开展突发自然灾害灾后健康教育,可有效提高公众应对突发自然灾害灾后基本知识知晓率及急救技能水平。

Objective To understand the health educational effects of public responses to emergent natural disasters, and the development of basic knowledge and skills after disasters and the influencing factors in Zhejiang Province. Methods With a multistage cluster random sampling, questionnaire survey was conducted among the residents aged 15 - 69 years old in 4 selected counties. And the effects of intervention were assessed and influencing faetors were analyzed. Results The basic knowledge and skills of public response to emergent natural disasters after intervention were significantly increased （ P 〈 0. 05 ） ; Lower educational level （ OR = 1.37, P 〈 0. 01 ） , unmarried status （ OR = 1.60,P 〈 0.01 ） , rural residents （ OR = 1.32, P 〈 0. 05 ）, having nothing to do with natural disasters（ OR = 1.75,P 〈 0.01 ）, caring nothing about the local natural disaster information（ OR = 1.41, P 〈 0. 01 ）, thinking there is no need to learn about the knowledge of disaster relief and disease prevention（ OR = 1.37 ,P 〈 0. 01 ）, not taking the initiative to learn first aid knowledge and skills （ OR = 1.76 ,P 〈 0.01 ） were the factors which hindered the public to master the basic knowledge and skills of response to emergent natural disasters. Conclusion Health education of response to emergent natural disasters could effectively improve the disaster basic knowledge awareness and first aid skills of the public.