售后警示义务:公平与效益的平衡

After-Sales Warning Obligation:Balance between Fairness and Benefit

售后警示义务作为警示义务的延伸以及对发展风险抗辩的限制,拓展了生产者、销售者的警示义务和侵权责任的范围,更好地保护了消费者和使用者的人身和财产安全。其确立体现了公平优先的立法价值取向。但公平与效益相辅相成,产品责任制度应更多地注重公平与效益的权衡。如何在推动生产创新与切实保护消费者合法权益之间取得动态平衡,现代美国产品责任法的理论与实践对我国售后警示制度的司法实践及立法完善极具启发和借鉴意义。

As an extension of the warning obligation and the restriction on development risk defense, warn- ing aftermarket obligation provides a more secure protection for the user of the product. It reflects a legislative value orientation of fairness-priority. But fairness and benefit are complementary to each other. A balance be- tween fairness and benefit should be emphasized in the product liability system. As regards how to achieve a dy- namic balance between the promotion of innovative production and the effective protection of the legitimate rights and interest of consumers, the theory and practice of modem American product liability law are of great significance for the judicial practice and legislation of our after-sales warning system.