“结构性制约”及其对农业产业化政策实施的影响

Impact from Structural Constraint to the Policy of Agricultural Industrialization

对农业产业化政策实施状况的实地调研发现,利益相关者在参与和落实政策的过程中,具体行动往往受到结构性制约因素的影响。在结构性制约下,各主体以利益平衡为行动导向,形成各自不同的应对策略。由于各主体具体行动对政策预设目标的偏离,农业产业化政策的实施不断消解在各主体利益平衡的过程中,政策反射利益不能完全惠及于农民,并不断呈现出"外溢"的趋势。研究表明,为了有效克服政策落实过程中结构性制约因素的影响,一方面,政策的"顶层设计"需要有对结构性制约的充分预估和风险应对策略;另一方面,在基层需要有协调不同政策之间竞争的具体机制,整体安排不同政策之间的实施。

Through the investigation on the practice of agricultural industrialization policy implementation, the author found stakeholders＇ specific actions were often subject to structural constraints, while they were involved in the implementation process of related policies. Under these constraints, stakeholders created their different strategies with the balance of inter- ests as active orientation. Because of the deviate between the stakeholders＇ action and the policy＇ s preset target, the im- plementation of the industrialization of agriculture policy continued to digest in the process of balancing the interests of dif- ferent stakeholders. Meanwhile, these policies could not fully benefit farmers and constantly showed the ＇ spillover＇ trend. In order to overcome the impact of the structural constraints in the policy implementation process, authors believe that on the one hand, the so called ＇ top - level design ＇ of policy should proposed adequate prediction to structural constraints and risk response strategies; on the other hand, the stakeholders from the grassroots level needed to made specific mechanisms in order to coordinate competition among different policies and the arrangements for the implementation of these policies.