口腔医学实习生心理健康与社会支持的调查研究

目的了解口腔医学和口腔工艺技术专业学生在实习期的心理卫生情况，为学生实习前教育与实习中指导提供依据。方法采用症状自评量表（symptomchecklist90，SCL-90）和领悟社会支持量表（perceivedsocialsupportscale，PSSS）分别对90名口腔医学与60名口腔工艺技术专业的实习生进行问卷调查，并用SPSS14．0软件进行统计分析。计量资料用t检验行组间比较，以均数加减标准差（x±s）表示，阳性筛查率及男女比例采用Mann—WhitneyU检验，检验水准a=0．05。结果实习期口腔医学专业学生躯体化、焦虑、偏执因子平均分为（1．49±0．56）、（1．52±0．43）、（1．73±0．58），均显著高于青年常模组。口腔工艺技术专业学生心理问题检出率77．59％，躯体化、强迫、焦虑、精神病性因子平均分为（1．69±0．55）、（2．07±0．5）、（1．68±0．51）、（1．54±0．39），均显著高于口腔医学专业学生，其余因子得分没有差异，该专业学生社会支持总分为（60．62±7．27），显著低于口腔医学专业学生。结论实习期口腔不同专业学生均有不同程度的心理问题，应加强实习前的教育、实习期间的管理以及社会支持，预防心理疾病的产生。

Objective To study the mental health conditions of students majored in stomatology and dental technology in internships,and to provide evidences and guidelines for education before and during exercitation.Methods Totally 90 students majored in stomatology and 60 students majored in dental technology in internships were surveyed by the questionnaires of symptom checklist (SCL90)and perceived social support scale (PSSS).Results were analyzed by SPSS 14.0.Measurement data was analyzed using t test comparison between groups,showed as mean ± standard deviation ((x) ± s).Positive screening rate and rate between male and female were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U inspection.The inspection level is α =0.05.Results Scores of somatization,paranoia and anxiety factors among students majored in stomatology were (1.49 ± 0.56),(1.52 ± 0.43),(1.73 ± 0.58),all significantly higher than those of the national norm of youth.Positive rate of mental diseases among students majored in dental technology was 77.59％ and their scores of somatization,constraint,anxiety,psychotic factors were (1.69 ±0.55),(2.07 ±0.5),(1.68 ±0.51) and (1.54 ±0.39),all significantly higher than those of students majored in stomatology.There was no difference in the scores of rest factors between the two groups.Scores of PSSS among students majored in dental technology were significantly lower than those of students majored stomatology.Conclusions Students of different majors all suffer from psychological problems with different degrees.Therefore,education,management and social support before and during exercitation should be emphasized in the prevention of psychological diseases.