人力资本产权的概念、结构与特征

Concept, Structure, and Characteristics of Property Right of Human Capital

人力资本产权是市场交易过程中人力资本所有权及其派生的使用权、支配权和收益权等一系列权利的总称 ,是制约人们行使这些权利的规则 ,本质上是人们社会经济关系的反映。人力资本产权是一组权利束 ,包括人力资本所有权、支配权、处置权、使用权和收益权等。人力资本产权具有排他性、可分解性和可交易性等属性。在一定的制度安排下 ,人力资本所有权既可以属于人力资本载体 ,也可以属于其他主体。在市场经济条件下 ,一旦制度确定了人力资本所有权属于人力资本载体 ,那么在人力资本产权交易过程中 ,人力资本所有权就无法转移 ,交易和转移的只是人力资本的支配权和使用权。

Property right of human capital is a sum total of rights of ownership and its derived rights of use, disposal and revenue. It is a rule that constrains people to execute these rights. In essence, it represents the social and economic relationships of people. The property right is a cluster of rights, including the right of ownership of human capital, the right of disposal, the right of control, the right of use, and the right of revenue. The property right of human capital has attributes such as exclusiveness and decomposition, and it can be transacted. Within a given institutional arrangement, the ownership of human capital can belong to its carrier, or belong to other subjects. In the market economy, once the ownership of human capital is set to its carrier by institution, then the ownership can not be alienated, what has been transferred in the transaction process is its right of disposal and the right of use.