计算机键盘的人机工程学设计综述

Research of Computer Keyboard Based Ergonomics

键盘作为计算机人机界面中重要的输入设备得到了极为广泛的应用。传统计算机键盘存在的设计缺陷导致使用者易患相应的职业病。文中给出了键盘的起源、分类、国内外研究现状、键盘设计的工效学指标及设计新趋势,以微软人体工程学4000键盘为例,分析了键盘设计中的人机工程学因素。最后指出键盘设计的两个方向:一是彻底改革,采用一键多符或多键一符键盘;二是在现有QW-ERTY键盘基础上进行人性化改进。

Keyboard as important computer man-machine input equipment has been widely applied. The design flaws of traditional computer keyboard are causing the user to predispose to corresponding occupational diseases. This paper presents the origin, the classification, the present research situation at home and aboard, the ergonomic indices and the design trends of keyboard. With Microsoft ergonomic 4000 keyboard as an example, the ergonomics factors of keyboard design are analyzed. Finally it is pointed out that the keyboard design in two directions： either the thorough reform, using one or more keys with a character keyboard, either the humanized improvement based on the existing QWERTY Keyboard.