传统与变革的冲突与融合——西方大学改革二百年

Tradition and Reform——On the Bicentennial Reform History of Western Universities

十九世纪初,德国和法国率先拉开了近代西方大学改革的帷幕。十九世纪下半叶和二战后,美国、英国、德国等西方国家将大学改革推向深入。西方大学二百年来的发展史,既是大学持续不断进行变革的历程,也是在变革中进一步巩固和丰富大学传统的历程。在这一历程中,传统与变革形成了辩证统一,共同构成了西方大学二百年发展史的主题。

At the beginning of the nineteenth century, the modern reform of western universities was initiated in Germany and France. In the late half of the nineteenth century and the period after the World War II, the western countries such as America, England and Germany push the universities reform to development. The following 200 years is a process of continuing change as well as a process of reinforcement and enrichment of the tradition of university. Tradition and reform have achieved a dialectical unity in the process and become the theme in the history of western universities.