冬季塑料大棚内气温和土温的变化研究

Study on Changes of Air Temperature and Soil Temperature of Plastic Greenhouse in Winter

于2011年秋至2012年春测定了吉林省延边地区塑料大棚内外气温和土温变化情况,以调查冬季塑料大棚内土温变化规律并确定葡萄安全的埋土防寒厚度。结果表明:初冬开始降温时大棚内外最低温温差较大,而初春开始升温时棚内外最低温温差较小,棚内外最高温温差变化与最低温温差变化相反且温差变幅较大。棚内土温变化幅度较小且保温性较强,塑料大棚内安全的埋土厚度为20cm(吉林省汪清县),如采用一些保温材料或栽培抗寒性较强的葡萄品种可酌情减少埋土防寒厚度。冬季塑料大棚内外最低土温差异不大,不同的是塑料大棚外土温下降速度较棚内慢,温度波动较小,但低温维持时间较长。冬季塑料大棚内最高温和最低温出现时段较集中且平均早于棚外1～2h出现;随着土层厚度的增加塑料大棚内最低土温和最高土温出现时段比棚内气温延迟时间增加且出现时段分散。

The plastic greenhouse inside and outside temperature of soil temperature in autumn 2011 to the spring of 2012 in Yanbian area,Jilin province were determined,in order to study the soil temperature change rule of winter plastic greenhouse and determine grape safe buried soil anorak thickness.The results showed that the temperature inside and outside of shed difference was bigger when winter began to cool,and the minimum temperature inside and outside of shed changed smaller when spring began warming,the maximum temperature changed and the minimum temperature changed instead inside and outside of shed and temperature range larger.Soil temperature variation amplitude was smaller inside shed and insulation resistance was stronger,in the plastic shed,safety buried soil thickness was 20 cm（Wangqing country of Jilin province）.If use some heat preservation material or cultivate stronger frost resistance grape variety could reduce the safe buried soil anorak thickness.The lowest soil temperature difference was not big inside and outside of winter plastic shed,the difference was plastic shed outside soil temperature drop speed relative low,temperature fluctuation was small,but low temperature maintained a long time.The maximum temperature and the minimum temperature of the plastic shed in winter appeared time relatively concentrated and in average 1~2 h earlier than outside of shed;the maximum temperature and the minimum temperature of the plastic shed in winter appeared time compared to the relative delay time increased with the soil anorak thickness increased and appear time dispersion.