生物活性物质壳寡糖对阿尔茨海默病防治作用研究进展

Research Progress in Functions of Bioactive Chitooligosaccharides in Prevention and Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease

阿尔茨海默病是一种以神经元细胞大量凋亡,神经元细胞内神经纤维缠结以及神经元细胞外老年斑形成为主要病理学特征的中枢神经退行性疾病。壳寡糖,又名为β-1,4-寡聚-葡萄糖胺,是唯一带正电的天然碱性多糖,具有多种生物活性。壳寡糖对阿尔茨海默病的防治有重要意义,主要在保护神经元细胞、抑制Tau蛋白异常磷酸化、抑制β-分泌酶活性、抗氧化、螯合铜离子、抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶等方面发挥作用。本文结合阿尔茨海默病发生机制及壳寡糖特性,综述近年来壳寡糖在防治阿尔茨海默病中的研究进展,旨在为壳寡糖在保健食品中的开发与利用提供一定的参考。

Alzheimer＇s disease （AD） is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, which is characterized by the loss of neuronal cells, intracellular neurofibrillar tangles and extracellular senile plaques. Chitooligosaccharide, also termed β-1,4- oligomerization-glucosamine, is the alkaline oligosaccharide with multiple biological activities. Chitooligosaccharide plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of AD by protecting neuronal cells from death, suppressing hyperphosphorylation of tau, reducing the activity of β-secretase, antioxidation, chelating copper ions, and suppressing the activity of acetylcholinesterase. In this paper, we have reviewed the recent research progress of chitooligosaccharide on prevention and treatment of AD, which will provide a theoretical reference for the development and utilization of chitooligosaccharide in health foods.