土壤净化床系统处理巢湖农村生活污水应用研究

STUDY ON THE SOIL BED SYSTEM IN TREATING THE RURAL DOMESTIC SEWAGE IN CHAOHU LAKE BASIN AERA

针对巢湖流域农村社区生活污水产生特点和水质特性,研究了土壤净化床对分散厌氧处理后的生活污水的处理效果。结果表明,土壤净化床能有效去除COD、TN、NH4+-N、TP,COD去除率一般在70%以上,最高能达90%;TN去除率一般在50%以上,最高达到80%;NH4+-N去除率一般稳定在50%～70%;TP去除率一般稳定在60%。由于温度对COD、TN、NH4+-N、TP的去除为正效应影响,而春节期间温度较低,外出务工人员集中返乡,以及居民饮食结构变化导致进水COD、TN、NH4+-N、TP较其他时期高出1倍,导致该期间出水未能达到GB 18918-2002一级B标准。从近2年的监测结果分析,要使该工艺技术在巢湖流域农村区域进行推广应用,还须进一步研究该区域春节期间污水水质特征和负荷对土壤净化床运行的影响。

Based on the characteristics of sewage generating and the wastewater quality of rural community in the Chaohu Lake Basin Aera, effect of employing the soil bed system to treat the wastewater was studied. The results showed that the soil bed could effectively remove COD, TN, NH4^＋-N, and TP of effluent from decentralized anaerobic tank. During the period of stable operation, the removal rate of COD was higher than 70%, and the highest removal rate could reach 90%, and the removal rate of TN was over 50%, and the highest removal rate could reach 80%, and the removal rate of NH4^＋-N could stably be in the range of 50%-70% generally, and the removal rate of TP was 60% generally and stably. Temperature positively affected COD, TN, NtL＋-N, TP removal efficiency, and the performance of the soil bed system was negatively affected. During the Spring Festival, the low temperature, migrant workers returning home and the changed residents dietary had led to the COD, TN, NH4^＋-N, TP shock of the influence, which was about twice of that in normal periods, and the quality of the final effluent could not meet the requirement of the Criteria of rate B of Grade I of the GB 18918--2002. From the data monitored continuously with a range of nearly two years, if the soil bed system could be applicated in rural areas in Chaohu Basin Area, it should be studied that the effects on the soil bed system of the characteristics of sewage generating and the wastewater load during the Spring Festival.