基于需求因子分析的高校教师激励措施探究

A Factor Analysis on University Teachers′Needs

高校教师需求研究是教师队伍建设的基础理论问题。本文对来自全国近20所高校789份有效答卷进行因子分析,抽取了五个主要需求因子,按照方差解释贡献率的大小,它们依次为成就需求、物质生活需求、学术发展需求、愉悦生活需求、安全感需求。此需求结构与马斯洛需求层次理论存在一定差异:如果按照由生理需求向自我实现需求层层递进的次序,结合方差解释的贡献率,则高校教师的需求结构成杯型状。此需求结构图对高校教师绩效管理机制的构建、激励措施的制定,很有参考价值。

Referring to the famous needs theories and some university teachers needs research, we designed a set of questionnaires, and have sent 1000 questionnaires in 20 universities. Then extract five main needs factors by factor analysis. According to the Variance contribution, university teachers＇ needs consist of achievement needs, material needs, academic development needs, cheerful life needs, and security requirements in turn. Maslow＇s hierarchy theory of needs structure like a pyramid, physiological needs are located the lowest, and fulfillment needs the highest, however, our research shows the university teachers＇ needs structure likes a cup according to the contribution of variance explained. This needs structure has much reference value for university teachers＇ performance management system and incentive measures.