隳礼之教:清末画报的妇女图像——以1900年后出版的画报为主的讨论

The Image of Women in Pictorials during the Late Qing Period:Focusing on the Pictorials after 1900

图画编绘新闻在中国近代报刊出版史上,系属新创。清末由于印刷技术的改良,画报得以大量印制及传播。1900年以后,在政治运动的推波助澜下,报纸种类及阅报人数达到空前的程度。画报是近代新兴的知识分子及大众之间的沟通渠道,既属报类的新创,又以城市为传播中心。因此其出版过程及流通方式,反应清末民初时代变化及社会心态。晚清的报纸强调提供消闲娱乐,带着明显商业谋利的目的。庚子事变后,新闻的采择加入更多扬述文明与进步的趋向,政治言说一跃而与礼法闺训、消闲谴责并列;在新旧碰撞的过渡时期,在商业及启蒙双重推进下,对妇女问题的提出和呈现也有更多复杂的面貌。"妇女"如何被定义及表述,牵涉到的不只是近代女权的觉醒,也反应了传统礼法秩序、人伦思想在晚清社会的变化。

The newspapers with pictures had been created in Chinese modem history of newspaper publishing. There were many pictorials published and disseminated in the late Qing period due to the improvement of printing technology. The newspaper types and the readers reached an unprecedented degree because of the influence of the political movements after 1900. The pictorials as the communication channel between the emerging modem intellectuals and the common people, were a new kind of newspapers spread in the cities. It could be grasped the response of the social psychology in the chan- ging era during the late Qing and the ear/y Republic period to study the publishing process and means of circulation of the pictorials. The newspaper in the late Qing emphasized on providing leisure and entertainment with obvious commercial prof- it. After the Boxer Incident, the political events had become the same important as the ritual and law stories, leisure and entertainment in the newspapers. Moreover, the women＇s issues had been raised and presented in double promotion of com- mercial and enlightenment. How to define the ＂women＂, not only involves the awakening of modem women＇s rights, but al- so reflects the traditional ceremony of legal order, Human Relationships and social change in the late Qing period.