家庭能源消费与节能减排的政策选择

Policy Options on Fuel Use,Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction in Household Sector

能源消费、收入和污染物排放之间存在着内在的复杂关联。基于大量的入户调查和定量分析,结果发现:在黄土高原西部地区城乡居民家庭实物用能的数量差异不大,但有效用能从大、中城市、县城到农村依次下降,形成明显的阶梯特征。从家庭层面核算,农户用能产生的污染物排放显著地高于城镇家庭。但从社会层面来核算,城乡居民家庭用能产生的污染物排放差异不大。有效用能与人均收入、污染物排放具有良好的交叉二次关系,家庭有效用能主要取决于收入水平。为应对未来能源消费的持续增长带来的一系列环境、经济问题,需要进一步调整能源结构,改进用能技术,提高能源效率,完善能源公共政策。

There is an inherent complex link between energy consumption, income and pollutant emissions. By means of a large number of questionnaire surveys and quantitative analysis, the results found that there is a little difference between the amount of physical energy used by urban and rural households in the western region of the Loess Plateau, China. But the amount of the effective heat used by households decline sequentially from provincial city, medium-sized cities, county towns to rural areas. The energy ladder characteristic is obvious. Accounting from household level, the emissions genera- ted by energy use of rural households are significantly larger than that of urban households. However, accounting from so- cial level, the difference of emissions between urban and rural households is little. There is a good cross-quadratic func- tion between per capita effective heat and two independent variables including per capita income and the emissions, and the effective heat mainly depends on income levels. To cope with a series of environmental and economic issues that caused by increasing energy consumption, it is necessary to further adjust the energy structure, improve energy efficiency and perfect energy public policy.